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Where the money goes: Forex, PAMM accounts, and real stocks

Where does the money go in Forex

B-book, ECN and PAMM - Analyzing Models

When you transfer money to a forex broker, you think it goes to the real market. In most cases for a retail client, it doesn't. Let's explore where your money actually goes.

Model 1: Market Maker (B-book)

This is the most common model for retail forex brokers.

How it works:

  • You open a 'buy EUR/USD' trade.
  • The broker does not execute the trade on the real market.
  • The broker itself becomes your counterparty.
  • If you lose, the broker gains.
  • If you gain, the broker loses.

Why this is a problem: The broker is interested in you losing. A conflict of interest is built into the model.

Model 2: ECN / STP (A-book)

How it works:

  • The broker executes the trade on the real market.
  • Earns through commission (not through your losses).
  • Interests align.

Model 3: PAMM accounts

How it works:

  • You give money to a 'manager'.
  • He trades with it.
  • You receive a percentage of the profit (or incur losses).

Why it's risky:

  • The manager is not liable for the losses.
  • No licensing.
  • No oversight of actions.
  • In Tajikistan, PAMM accounts are not regulated by the Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Tajikistan.

What about the stock market?

When you buy an Apple stock through a licensed broker:

  • The money goes towards purchasing a real stock on the NYSE/NASDAQ exchange.
  • The stock is kept in a depository.
  • You are a real owner of a share in the company.
  • The broker earns through commission (0.3%), not from your losses.

What to do

If you're offered forex or PAMM, ask:

  1. Where is the company registered?
  2. Is there a license from the Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Tajikistan?
  3. Where does my money go - to the real market or to the B-book?
  4. Where are my assets stored?

If the answers are evasive - red flag.


💡 Try: opening an account with a licensed broker in Tajikistan can be done in a few minutes. Funding from 100 somoni, without visiting an office.

Advertisement. LLC 'Stock Broker', licenses from the Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Tajikistan No. 007/25, No. 008/25, No. 009/25, No. 010/25 dated 25.06.2025. Financial instruments are associated with risk. Profitability depends on the market value of assets. Not an individual investment recommendation. The material is for informational purposes only.

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The information provided is for informational purposes only and should not be considered as an offer to buy or sell foreign currency, securities and/or other financial instruments. The information presented on this website is not an individual investment recommendation. Financial instruments or transactions mentioned in this section may not be suitable for you, may not correspond to your investment profile, financial situation, investment experience, knowledge, investment objectives, attitude to risk and profitability.

LLC "Exchange Broker" does not guarantee and does not promise future profitability of investments, does not guarantee the reliability of possible investments and the stability of possible income. Investment results in the past do not guarantee income in the future.

LLC "Exchange Broker" is not responsible for possible investor losses in the event of transactions and investments in financial instruments, and also does not guarantee the return, effectiveness and profitability of investments.

LLC "Exchange Broker" hereby informs that it operates in the securities market in accordance with the following professional participant licenses issued by the Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Tajikistan: depository activity No.010/25 dated 25.06.2025; brokerage activity No.007/25 dated 25.06.2025; dealer activity No.008/25 dated 25.06.2025 and securities management activity No.009/25 dated 25.06.2025, and also informs about the risk of a conflict of interest, including as a result of combining various types of professional activity in the securities market.